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By Jim Wilk, Licensed Auto Body
Technician
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This 2005 Chevrolet Equinox was
purchased by the customer from a salvage yard.
The car had been
involved in an accident and the insurance
company "totalled it", meaning that the cost of
repairs was greater than the value of the
vehicle, so they just wrote a check to the owner
and took ownership of the car. |
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When an insurance company becomes
the owner of a wrecked vehicle, they try to sell them for as
much money as possible. In bigger cities there are auctions
just for wrecked cars, but here in the hinterlands of
Northern Michigan there are no salvage auctions. The nearest
auction is probably a four-hour drive away.
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The insurance companies
often try to sell the wrecked cars on
consignment at a local salvage yard (don't
call it a junk yard!), to see if there are any
buyers in our area. If they can find a local
buyer, the insurance company can save a lot of
money on shipping the car downstate to the
salvage auction. |
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Some of these vehicles are waiting
"in limbo" for a couple of months, until the title is clear.
This is especially a problem when the car owner owed more
than the vehicle was worth (which is called being
upside-down on the loan), because the title can't be
cleared until the owner pays off the remainder of the loan
that the insurance payment didn't cover.
But anybody can still purchase a
wrecked car that is in limbo, because when the title finally
becomes cleared, they will receive the proper paperwork to
own the vehicle.
There have been a few occasions
where I have completely repaired wrecked cars before the
owner even got a clear title. But I made sure I got paid
promptly!
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Some of these vehicles are repaired for people who
will do some of the work themselves. These
vehicles are either sold for profit or kept for
personal use. |
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There are many mechanics (body
mechanics and general mechanics) who regularly buy wrecked
cars, repair them and sell them for more money than they put
into them. It's common for people in this business to
supplement their income with a few project cars.
I call that the spirit of
entrepreneurship... people turning their hard work into
something of value.
Fixing Bent Metal:
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First I cut the outer door skin off to get the
door open. |
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| Using the
straightening equipment, I pulled on the lower
hinge to relieve the pressure. |
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That's when I realized this would be a tough
repair job. I had to
cut away at the bottom of the front door just to
open the back door. |
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| Finally, after
a lot of pulling on the center door post, I got the door open. |
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The left front and rear doors have been removed.
The yellow "curtain" is the side air bag that
was deployed in the accident. The owner of the
car is going to replace the air bags and
interior trim. |
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| View of floor
and lower center post area. It's bad. |
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I cut off the outer rocker area, only to discover
there was an inner rocker panel. |
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To cut the spot welds without making a huge hole
in the inner layer of sheet metal, I used these
drill bits. The top bit is a 1/8 inch drill
bit I used to drill a pilot hole in the center
of each spot weld.
The bit on the bottom is an "auger" bit that
I used to cut through just the first layer
of sheet metal at each spot weld. This tool is
similar to a carpenter's hole saw, but smaller. |
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| After welding
two pulling plates to the inner rocker, I
started pulling with the "frame straightener".
Then I discovered why they call
this "high strength steel"... |
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...the metal never straightened... it just the broke the
spot welds. |
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| View of inner
floor, which didn't move when I pulled on it. |
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This photo is looking slightly down, towards the
center post. The floor next to the inner rocker panel
(red arrow) rolled
down and
then up in the accident, like an accordion.
The green arrow points to the lip on the edge
of the floor pan (which extends up the center
pillar a few inches), which had separated from
the post and been pushed back more than an inch. |
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| I used a hydraulic
jack to push up on the floor as I pulled
outward. Then I used a 5 lb. sledge hammer to
flatten the floor pan. Note: To prevent
the top of the jack from punching through the
floor pan, I put a heavy steel place between the
top of the jack and the underside of the floor.
This spreads the force over a wider area. I used
a piece of 1/4" steel that would fit into that
area of the floor pan. The scrap of steel I
grabbed was about 3" x 8". |
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The rocker panel spot welds broke as the floor straightened. |
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| So I decided
to cut off the damaged inner rocker panel area. |
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I pulled on the floor at the bottom of the
center door post and kept working on the
waviness in the floor with the hydraulic jack
and hammer. |
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All this time I made frequent
measurements to compare the bad side of the car to the good
side. There are many places to measure between, such as the
seat mounting bolt holes and the bends in the rocker sheet
metal. I just used an ordinary tape measure.
| I kept
pulling and jacking/hammering the floor while
progressing towards the rear wheel area. |
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In this photo the floor started to rip at the
clamp. |
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| After a lot
of persuasion the floor was finally flat and the
lip of the floor pan (which the inner rocker is
welded to) was straight. |
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Installing "New" Metal:
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To save money the car owner bought a section cut
from another wrecked 2005 Equinox. |
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| The guy that
bought the wrecked Equinox in this article also
bought a pair of doors (the same color, luckily)
and this slice of body from the same salvage
yard. One nice package deal, labor not
included. |
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The section I need is between the green lines. He did
purchase more than needed, but that's the way it
goes when buying slices of cars. |
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When salvaging a "totalled" vehicle,
there is a lot of financial mathematics involved. You need
to be sure the amount of money spent on the wrecked car, the
repair parts, and the labor don't exceed the price you can
get for a repaired vehicle of that year.
Usually it's a body mechanic that
buys these cars and fixes them, so their investment is
limited to the vehicle and the parts. Their profits give
them a decent wage for their efforts, but not much more.
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I applied masking tape so I could see the cut lines
while cutting the sheet metal. I cut the sheet
metal with a 4-inch angle grinder and an
abrasive cutting wheel. |
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Cutting Out The Spot Welds:
I needed to dis-assemble the new body section without
damaging it. The body sections are made from several steel
stampings that are spot-welded together, so I needed to
drill out the spot welds.
| Tools used: a
1/8 inch drill bit to make a pilot hole in the
center of the spot welds (red arrow), and a
Unibit to drill through the entire spot weld. |
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I drilled pilot holes in all the spot welds... |
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| Then I used
the Unibit to completely drill out the spot
weld. |
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The Unibit lets you drill many different sizes
of holes with one bit. You just stop drilling
when you've reached the desired hole size. |
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| Since I only
needed certain layers of metal from the "new"
body parts, I had to separate the inner sheet
metal from the outer layer. I used a thin flat
cold chisel (which is extra hard and designed
for cutting steel) to pry apart the layers of
sheet metal.
Remember... I've already drilled out all the
spot welds on this section of car body. |
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Then I pulled the layers apart, being careful
not to bend or damage the outer layer. |
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| Now the inner
layer is exposed. That's not bare metal behind
the outer layer... the steel has been given a
protective coating. |
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I will also need to cut a section of the inner
layer for my repair job, but I will cut the
inner layer shorter that the outer. I
cut that center post at a higher point than I
really needed to. Where I cut this metal is not
quite as curved as the area below, so there will
be less work when I need to sand and finish the
joint. |
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| Then I cut
out a section of the inner panel. Since there
is no finishing required on the inner
layer, I only needed to cut out a replacement
piece that was as big as the actual damaged
area. |
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The inner layer of replacement metal after I cut
it from the salvaged body section. What you
are seeing is the BACK side of the piece I just
cut out.
Note that yellow stuff inside the center post
at the bottom. That is sound-deadening foam
installed when the car is built. |
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Back To The Damaged Car:
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At this point I've cut out all the damaged sheet
metal on the Equinox and I've straightened the
floor pan in the back seat area. Wherever I
will need to weld, I have ground down all the
spot welds and smoothed out the edges of the
sheet metal. |
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To flatten the edges of the sheet
metal, I used a hammer and a dolly, which is
basically a hand-held anvil that you pound against.
While doing this work, I
occasionally pre-fitted the "new" sheet metal to make the
two pieces fit as perfectly as possible.
This is a meticulous and
time-consuming task, but it's necessary for a proper fit and
a good-quality repair job.
| When the
metal was ready for the new parts, I sprayed
etch-weld primer on all the edges that will get
welded, and any other areas where the factory
coating may have been nicked. This is a
corrosion-resistant primer that can be welded
over. |
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I applied the etch-weld primer to the
replacement sheet metal. |
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| Here I've MIG-welded
the inner panel to the car. Remember how I had
drilled out all the spot welds on the "new"
section of sheet metal? While welding, I filled
each spot weld hole with weld metal. |
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After welding, I ground down all the weld beads
until they were flush with the sheet metal.
Then I applied the anti-corrosion primer again. |
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| I set the
outer panel in place, but it's not yet welded,
just clamped. Then I bolted the rear door
hinges to the center post, to make sure
everything will fit properly. |
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Then I installed the new front door to check the
fit of both doors. |
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| After fitting
the doors to the repair area, I clamped the
"new" outer layer of sheet metal to the inner
layer using every pair of Vise-Grips in the
shop... I used about 10 pairs. Note the orange
"stick"-like thing across the back door opening.
That is a hydraulic ram (like a jack) that I
needed so I could push on the center post to
maintain the proper position during welding. |
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When I had the doors temporarily in
place, I reached inside the car and measured the back door
opening (from the center post to the back door post) using a
tape measure.
From my years of experience, I know
that the center post is going to move a bit when I take the
doors off.
After I removed the doors, I used
the hydraulic ram to push on the center post until I
achieved the measurement I got with the doors in place.
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Then I used the MIG welder to weld the new outer
layer to the inner layer. As before, I filled in
each spot-weld hole with weld bead. Then I
used a grinder to grind all the weld beads
smooth and flush with the surface of the outer
layer. |
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| Then I
applied plastic body filler to the joint areas
to create a smooth surface. Note the upper
joint area (which has a light blue color). By
making this joint higher up than the actual
damage, I had less finishing work to do, and I
could make sure that the upper and lower hinge
mounting holes were the proper distance apart,
because they were both on the same piece of
metal. |
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Next the shop owner primed and
painted the repair area with Matrix Systems paint
that was perfectly color-matched to the original paint. The
doors were painted at the same time, even though they were
off the vehicle.
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At this point, the paint has dried and I'm about
to install the back door. |
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| I installed
the back door. It got kinda dusty from being
handled. The new coat of Matrix paint and
clear-coat is so shiny that it reflects
everything, even when the car is a little dirty. |
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After washing the car, we turned it over the
owner, who will be installing all the other
parts, such as the interior trim and running
boards. |
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The repair work on this car was done
at R-Tech Auto
Body in Traverse City, Michigan.
More Info:
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Tools Used:
- Frame Straightener
- MIG Welder
- Die Grinder
- Air Chisel
- Grinder
- Drill
- Unibit Step Drill
Bit
- Vise-Grips
- Porta-Power
Hydraulic Ram
- Hammers
- Auto Body Dollies
- Tape Measure
- Basic Mechanic's
Tools
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Materials Used:
- Section Of Car Body
- Used Car Doors
- Etch-Weld Primer
- Plastic Body
Filler
- Automotive Primer
- Automotive Paint
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